Pea family plants for bees
The family behind clover honey, alfalfa honey and acacia honey, and the one where flower architecture decides who gets to eat.
Why this family matters
Legume flowers are complex: a standard petal advertising, two wings, and a keel enclosing the reproductive parts, which a bee must physically force open to reach the nectar. That mechanism makes the family selective in a way most others are not — the flower rewards a visitor strong enough and heavy enough to trip it. Fabaceae is also the family that fixes atmospheric nitrogen, which is why clover and sainfoin end up sown across pasture at landscape scale, and why so much of the world's honey crop is a by-product of agriculture rather than of gardening.
When it flowers
Late spring to late summer for the temperate members — clovers from May, sainfoin and vetch through June and July, sweet clover into August. Gorse is the exception and the important one: it flowers in some form in every month of the year, which is why the old saying ties it to kissing being in season.
Which bees it serves
Corolla depth is the whole story here. White clover's shallow florets suit the honey bee's short tongue exactly, which is why it is a honey crop; red clover's deeper corolla generally does not, and that nectar goes to long-tongued bumblebees instead. Gorse and broom offer no nectar at all and enormous quantities of pollen, which is a distinction a single bee-friendly rating would erase entirely.
Pea family plants in the catalogue
- White cloverTrifolium repensMay to September. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- AlfalfaMedicago sativaJune to September. Nectar high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- Red cloverTrifolium pratenseMay to September. Nectar very high, pollen high.Feeds the colony but rarely yields a surplus
- Bird's-foot trefoilLotus corniculatusMay to September. Nectar high, pollen high.Feeds the colony but rarely yields a surplus
- CarobCeratonia siliquaSeptember to November. Nectar high, pollen moderate.Minor honey crop
- Sweet cloverMelilotus officinalisJune to August. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- Chinese milk vetchAstragalus sinicusMarch to May. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- GorseUlex europaeusJanuary to December. Nectar none, pollen very high.Not a honey source
- Tufted vetchVicia craccaJune to August. Nectar very high, pollen high.Feeds the colony but rarely yields a surplus
- BroomCytisus scopariusApril to June. Nectar none, pollen very high.Not a honey source
- Black locustRobinia pseudoacaciaMay to June. Nectar very high, pollen moderate.Major honey crop
- SainfoinOnobrychis viciifoliaMay to July. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- MesquiteProsopisApril to August. Nectar high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- Japanese pagoda treeStyphnolobium japonicumJuly to September. Nectar high, pollen moderate.Minor honey crop
- Field beanVicia fabaMay to July. Nectar high, pollen high.Minor honey crop
- LogwoodHaematoxylum campechianumJanuary to April. Nectar very high, pollen moderate.Major honey crop
- KaranjPongamia pinnataMarch to May. Nectar high, pollen high.Minor honey crop
- MopaneColophospermum mopaneSeptember to December. Nectar moderate, pollen moderate.Major honey crop
- Crimson cloverTrifolium incarnatumMay to July. Nectar high, pollen high.Minor honey crop
- BabulVachellia niloticaAugust to November. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- Talh acaciaVachellia seyalFebruary to April. Nectar high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- MangiumAcacia mangiumFebruary to May. Nectar high, pollen moderate.Major honey crop
- TamarindTamarindus indicaApril to June. Nectar high, pollen moderate.Minor honey crop
- Sweet thornVachellia karrooNovember to February. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- SoybeanGlycine maxJuly to August. Nectar moderate, pollen low.Minor honey crop
- TepezcohuiteMimosa tenuifloraNovember to February. Nectar very high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- AngicoAnadenanthera colubrinaSeptember to November. Nectar high, pollen high.Major honey crop
- ChañarGeoffroea decorticansSeptember to November. Nectar high, pollen moderate.Minor honey crop
What this group covers
12 of 12 months have something in flower. Nectar and pollen are counted separately and a month counts only where at least one plant offers that resource at moderate value or better — a plant in flower is not the same as a plant worth visiting.
| Month | In flower | Nectar | Pollen |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 4 | Yes | Yes |
| February | 6 | Yes | Yes |
| March | 6 | Yes | Yes |
| April | 9 | Yes | Yes |
| May | 14 | Yes | Yes |
| June | 14 | Yes | Yes |
| July | 13 | Yes | Yes |
| August | 11 | Yes | Yes |
| September | 11 | Yes | Yes |
| October | 6 | Yes | Yes |
| November | 8 | Yes | Yes |
| December | 4 | Yes | Yes |
Check these against your region before planting
8 plants in this group carry an invasiveness or legal restriction note somewhere in the world: Gorse, Tufted vetch, Broom, Black locust, Mesquite, Babul, Mangium, Sweet thorn. HoneyHQ does not know where you are and will not guess, so it flags rather than filters.
Bees these plants are recorded with
Taken from the relationships on each plant record. These are the well-attested associations rather than an exhaustive list of visitors, so treat the number as a floor.
Honeys from these plants
- Clover honeyWarm, mild and rounded — sweet with a faint cinnamon-and-hay note underneath. The taste most English-speaking readers picture when they read the word honey.
- Wildflower honeyVaries with the season and the landscape. Pale spring crops are floral and light; late-summer crops darker, fruitier and stronger.
- Berseem honeyMild and clean with a soft floral sweetness and a faint hay note — the archetype of an unassuming everyday honey.
- Alfalfa honeyMild, clean and slightly grassy, with a beeswax note and very little else. A background honey, and good at being one.
- Tree lucerne honeyMild and clean with a soft floral sweetness and a faint nutty note — pleasant, undemanding and mostly eaten by bees rather than people.
- Alpine meadow honeyComplex and aromatic, with a herbal lift over warm caramel and a distinctly clean finish — the flavour of a great many plants rather than of any one.
- Ak balMild, creamy and delicately floral with a faint herbal lift — the texture is much of the appeal, dense and smooth and dissolving rather than sticky.
- Carob honeyDark, malty and distinctly savoury with a fermented, almost cheesy note that people either find fascinating or cannot get past.
- Sweet clover honeyWarm, sweet and hay-like with a soft vanilla note that is genuinely there rather than imagined — the clearest coumarin character of any common honey.
- Siberian taiga honeyComplex and warm with a herbal lift over caramel, and a density that comes directly from the low moisture — thick, concentrated and long on the palate.
- Prairie honeyClean, mild and creamy, with a light floral sweetness. The reference point for what a great many people think honey tastes like.
- Milk vetch honeySoft, mild and slightly floral with a faint green-bean freshness — an unassuming honey made in enormous quantity.
Other families
- Daisy family
- Mint family
- Rose family
- Honeysuckle family
- Heather family
- Buttercup family
- Myrtle family
- Cabbage family
- Borage family
- Carrot family
- Mallow family
- Onion family
- Buckthorn family
- Maple and horse chestnut family
- Sapodilla family
- Plantain family
- Citrus family
- Protea family
- Primrose family
- Asparagus family
- Currant family
- Elder and viburnum family
- Pine family
- Cashew and mango family
- Palm family
- Ivy family
- Oak and chestnut family
- Leatherwood family
- Spurge family
Plan with these
- Flowering calendar
What should I plant so that something is always in flower for bees?
- Bee-friendly garden planner
What should I plant in the space I actually have?
- Plant recommendation tool
Which plant fills this specific gap?